LitRadar - 17 July, 2026 - WHO’s New Roadmap to Preventing Dementia and Cognitive Decline

                      

Dementia is a growing global health challenge, affecting more than 57 million people worldwide and adding nearly 10 million new cases each year. It is not a normal or inevitable part of ageing, though it becomes more common after 65. Caused by diseases that progressively damage the brain, dementia affects memory, thinking and everyday functioning, and can also lead to changes in mood, behaviour and motivation. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for an estimated 60–70% of dementia cases. Other forms include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia can also arise after stroke, repeated brain injuries, harmful alcohol use, certain infections such as HIV, or nutritional deficiencies. The impact reaches far beyond cognitive symptoms. Dementia can reduce a person’s independence, dignity and safety, while placing considerable emotional, social and financial pressure on families and caregivers. WHO estimates the condition costs the global economy about $1.3 trillion annually, with unpaid care by relatives and friends accounting for roughly half of that figure. While there is currently no cure, WHO says up to 45% of dementia cases may be preventable or delayed by addressing modifiable risks throughout life. Its updated guidance highlights regular physical activity, stopping tobacco use, reducing alcohol intake and following a healthy diet. It also stresses the value of social connection, cognitive training and managing health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. For the first time, WHO recommends reducing exposure to air pollution as part of dementia prevention. Hearing aids may also lower risk for some people. However, the organisation advises against taking vitamin B or E, omega-3 supplements or multivitamins solely to prevent dementia unless a deficiency has been diagnosed, as evidence of benefit remains insufficient. Integrating dementia prevention into broader services for noncommunicable diseases, mental health and brain health could help more people live longer, healthier and more independent lives.